Loop's far-from-comprehensive list of science buzzwords that are probably going to be very important in our lifetime:

• emergent behaviors
• non-linear systems
• "creative" neural networks (the earliest example is patented /rude)

(In hindsight, I suppose that saying non-linear systems are going to be relevant is a little obvious)

As you might have guessed, I've been doing some reading on these topics. Fascinating stuff. One book I can recommend is _Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order_ by Steven Strogatz.